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To test you self with the Case studies.  Click on a Case Study link.  Read the story and answer the questions.  When you have answered the questions, submit your answers to me via the email response form.  I will endeavor to return the answered questions and correct answers to you in (hopefully) 48 hours. Thanks Chuck


EMS Quiz

By Heather MacKenzie-Carey

Eric has been a volunteer with the emergency services organization in his small community for eight years.When he first started he was a volunteer firefighter, but now is trained at a basic medical level as well.He, like the others with the 30-member department, carries a pager and responds as needed, day or night.The service averages 300 responses per year.Eric has probably been on three-quarters of those calls already this year.He has considered quitting the department due to family and work concerns.He and his wife have been having marital difficulties and he has been recently promoted at work.Rather than quit the fire department Eric decided to upgrade his medical training to the next level and has been studying hard to pass the exams.This weekend he set aside time away from work and his family to study.His family has just left for a picnic in the park.It is a beautiful sunny Saturday but he settles down at the kitchen table with his books and a cup of coffee.The pager goes off asking members to report to the hall for a medical response.Eric tries to ignore the tones as he knows there are others available and he needs to study.When the pager goes off a second time requesting anyone available to respond he cannot ignore it and runs out the door, jumps into his vehicle and drives to the hall.
Eric responds with a driver to attend to a M.V.A. vs. pedestrian call.A four year old boy was trying out his brother’s new bicycle when he lost control sped down a driveway and was struck by a car.Eric knows both the driver of the car and the boy.Eric and his partne4re work on the boy, who has massive head injuries, and transport him to hospital.The boy is pronounced dead on arrival.

On the way back to the station Eric and his partner say nothing to each other as they both consider why they volunteer.Once in his private vehicle, Eric considers what he will tell his daughter, whose best friend is the sister of the four year old who was killed.Eric feels a knot in his stomach and pulls over to the side of the road and vomits.Eric’s hands are shaky; he feels that familiar headache and knows he is in for yet another sleepless night.Eric is now unable to concentrate on his studying and sits down on the front step to drink a few beers and wait for his family to return home.


1. Eric is most likely a victim of:

2.Which of the following critical events relate to Eric’s current situation:

3.Physical responses to stress include all of the following except:

4.Warning signs of cumulative stress include:

5.Chronic work stressors for most prehospital care workers include:

6.Critical Incident Stress Defusing can be helpful in dealing with cumulative stress.

7.Signs and symptoms of acute stress may manifest themselves in.

8.Post traumatic stress disorder is an abnormal response to an abnormal event.

9.The diagnosis of P.T.S.D. can be made only if the signs and symptoms of disturbance from a particularly bad event last a month or more.

10.Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is a form of psychotherapy.

11.C.I.S.D. should be implemented any time:

12.C.I.S.D. achieves its best effects when it is offered:

13.During a C.I.S.D.:

14.A C.I.S.D. team should include:

15.C.I.S.D. can be used for industries, schools, and communities as well as emergency services.

16.The most effective size for C.I.S.D. is:

17.The typical C.I.S.D. lasts approximately:

18.The C.I.S.D. team should provide follow-up services:

19.Types of follow-up services a C.I.S.D. team should provide include:

20.In comparison to debriefings, defusing:

21.A well run defusing:

22.At the scene of a critical incident, peer support members of a C.I.S.D. team:

23.In order to maximize workers effectiveness and prevent unnecessary stressors during a disaster:

24.Stress reactions usually diminish if there is opportunity to discuss the events and explore personal feelings about its impact.  Stress reactions become a problem and should be discussed with a mental health professional if:

25.Your service could decrease the incidence of P.T.S.D. by:


References:

Mitchell, Jeff Ph.D. and Grady Bray Ph.D.., Emergency Services Stress, Brady New Jersey 1990

Mitchell, Jeffery Ph.D. and George S. Everly Jr. F.A.P.M.; Human Elements Training For Emergency Services, Public Safety and Disaster Personnel; Chevron Publishing Maryland 1994

Van Goethem, Robert H.; Critical Incident Stress Training Document; Alberta Public Safety Services; Alberta 1989


The answers to these questions are industry standards and may not necessarily be correct according to your local protocol.If there is any discrepancy between these answers and local protocol, please follow the protocol from your area as set out by your Medical Director.

Heather MacKenzie-Carey is a paramedic with over 18 years of EMS experience in Nova Scotia and Alberta.She has a Bachelor of Science Degree in Health Education from Dalhousie University, a diploma in Paramedicime from Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, and a certificate of Social Work from the University of Waterloo.Heather is an instructor for the Paramedic Program at Southern Alberta Institute of Technology.She can be reached at geomac@cadvision.comor www.turningpointgroup.com.

This Article is reprinted by permission from the author (Heather MacKenzie-Carey) and the Canadian Emergency News.It originally appeared in the October/November 1996 issue (volume 19, number 5).


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Chuck Chivers

1-519-542-8306
Sarnia, Ontario
ve3vsa@rac.ca
Copyright © August, 1998, Chuck Chivers
Revised -- Tuesday, July 16, 2002 12:06:12
http://www.sarnia.com/groups/paramedics/v19n5cs.html